Chemical and Materials Research

Urea is produced with a combination of carbon dioxide and ammonia. It is a highly-efficient nitrogen fertilizer used in agriculture for ground treatment and top-dressing and is also used for all soil types and crop plants. Urea significantly increases agricultural yield. In the industry application, it is used for the production of plastics, glues and resins. Urea also finds application as ruminant's forage additive agent. Urea is used as a raw material for the manufacture materials such as urea-formaldehyde resins and urea-melamine-formaldehyde used in marine plywood.  Urea is the world's most commonly used nitrogen fertilizer and indeed more urea is manufactured by mass than any other organic chemical. Containing 46% N, it is the most concentrated nitrogen fertilizer, and is readily available as free-flowing prills (granules). It is the cheapest form of nitrogen fertilizer to transport and it is also the least likely to 'cake'. It is therefore favoured in developing c...

Wood pellets are an eco-friendly solid fuel made from compacted sawdust and related industry waste from the milling of lumber. Wood pellets have many advantages over fossil fuel as they are produced from renewable materials such as wood shaving and sawdust. They are utilized in varied settings and applications, such as home heating appliances and large-scale boilers in commercial operations. Wood pellets are available in a smaller size, easy to store and produce a minimal amount of ash. Cordwood, wood pellets, wood chips, waste paper, along with dozens of other agricultural products and by-products capable of being used for energy, are all examples of biomass fuel. The most compelling principle of biomass is that it is renewable. The remarkable consistency and burn efficiency of pellet fuel produce a fraction of the particulate emissions of raw biomass. Pellet burners feature the lowest particulate matter emissions of all solid fuels burners. Given the proper Sustainable Forest Initia...

Plastic recycling is the process of recovering and reprocessing plastic waste into some useful products. A large amount of plastic usage and harmful impact of plastic waste on the environment have led to the necessity of the plastic recycling processes. Recycled plastics are used in wide ranges of goods including plastic bottles, carry bags, office accessories and drainage pipes, among others. Recycled plastic also finds broad applicability in various end-use industries including textiles, packaging and automotive. Plastic recycling has become an increasingly important sector of recycling, but it would be hard to declare it a great success story from an environmental perspective. Less than 9% of plastic generation from the U.S. Municipal Solid Waste stream was recycled in 2018.Ocean plastic and plastic shopping bags still present major global challenges. Click Here | Download PDF Copy Businesses that want to have a positive environmental impact should stay informed on the global impact...

Reverse osmosis (RO) is defined as a water purification method which is mainly used to remove ions, molecules, and larger particles from water. This technology incorporates a semi-permeable membrane, which is composed of cellulose and other materials. These membranes helps to eliminate dissolved salts or organic molecules. Such membranes are used across several application bases such as brackish water treatment, desalination of seawater, industrial water treatment and many others. It is considered to be most economical and practical technique of purifying and treating drinking water. Click Here | Download PDF Copy for Reverse Osmosis Membrane Reverse osmosis (RO) and Nanofiltration (NF) membranes are commonly used as a filtration method to remove many types of dissolved solids (large molecules and ions) from solutions by applying pressure to the solution when it is on one side of a selective membrane. The result is that the solute is retained on the pressurized side of the membrane and...